Internal-combustion engine



March 30 1926. I1,578,825

I F. L. HOAGLIN INTERNAL COMBUSTI'ON ENGINE x Filed Maron 8, 1920 v 2 sheets-'Sheet 1 Figi' www Patented 30, 1926-. i

raux L. Honour, or wnu'raca, wIsvcoNsm. l

mman-connusrrox ENGINE.'

Application-mediana 8, 1920. serialngl seams.

To all whom -zt may concern Be it known that I, FRANK L. HOAGLIN, a citizen of 'the United States, residing at `Waupaca, county of Waupaca, and State of Visconsin, have invented new and useful Improvements vin Internal-Combustion En.

gines, 'of which the following. is a specification..

Thisinventi'on relates'to internal combustion engines and to: av method of transforming the chemical energy of a liquid fuel 'into mechanical, energy with 'increased etiiclency and economy.V

One ofthe objects ofA my invention 1s to Aprovide an improved method of transforming the chemical energy of alfuel into mechanical energy 1n lnternal combustion engnes bv securingy a more4 complete combustion of the fuel than has heretofore been ob tained; to secure a more thorough vpropagation of the flame throughout the charge; and to utilize a higher compression than. has heretofore been the practice.

method commercially. i

A further object is to provide an internal combustion engine which is arranged to utilize a leaner mixture than has heretofore been possible, .thereby insuring a more complete combustion resulting in al hlgherqefficiency and a greater freedomfrom carbonization; and to provide a relatively long stroke high compression motor so arranged that preignition is minimized:

Other objects are to provide an internal combustion engine which will readily use alowl .grade hydrocarbon liquid fuel, and

which will secure a high eiliciency and freedom from -carbonlzatlom even when a/low grade hydrocarbon is used.`

In the :drawings: Figure 1 is a fragmentary view of the complete system.-

- cylinder.

Figure 2 is a detail of the charge forming device in position at the rear portion of the Figure 3 is a detail of the air pump for operating the charge forming device.

My improvedy method may lbe briefly del scribed independently of any specific mechanical contrivance used in its practice as follows: 'y

Instead of attem ting to utilize a carbureter or equivalent evices in an effort tedevelop a theoretically erfect mixture to be then compressed and red in an enginecylinder, I prepare two mixtures, in one of which the sup 1y of fuel is below the normal or theoretical y correct standard, such mixture 4bein known as 'a lean mixture, and inthe ot er of which the supply of fuel is in excess of that standard, i. e., a rich mix' ture. The lean mixture is pre ared in a a relativelyl large volume and bot mixtures are simultaneouslycompressed. The rich mixture 1s thereupon ignited and vwhile .in a

state of slow combustion isallowed to flow or be delivered b its own expansion into the lean mixture, w ereupon rapid combustion develops with increased rapidity of expansion and correspondingly thorough distribution thruout the lean mixture,thereby maintaining combustion thruout the latter, and insuring complete combustion of al1 the fuel 75 in both mixtures.

My invention will now be described 'with j reference to the specific structure which I 'A further object-of this invention 1s to provide means for utilizing my improved have devised v for utilizing my improved method: 80 l lI have made neither part readily combusti ble, aithoboth ltogether will form a more nearly correctly 'proportioned explosive mix- 95 ture. Thus I am able to subject both parts of the mixture to the high pressures developed' in a long stroke motor without a danger of pre-.ignition corresponding tov that which would exist if the fuel charge were not so divided. Then afterv both parts havebeen compressed I amable 'to unite -them lto secure the high power which such'compress ion aids in producing.

A-second reason why I prefer tov use a long stroke motor is 'in order vto use etlicienta" 1y the high power thus obtained. If. the

explosion were practically instantaneous as itis in most motors, the heat u on which the` power is dependent would be 'ssipated'to a 110i y L I- large extent before the crank throw had rol lean portion of the charge to form a more aol , of the nearly correctly proportioned mixture. It is evident that this admixture will occupy -an appreciable space of time sufficient to prolong the explosive etl'ort thruout most of the expansion stroke.

The cylinder 1 has the usual piston 2 arranged to reciprocate therein, and is provided with a water jacket 3. The inlety valve for the air is indicated at 4, and is a spring lheld poppet valve 4 which functions when the pressure within lthe cylinder is lower than that of the surrounding atmosphee. The exhaust valve 5 is also a. poppet valve, and may be held in closed position both by the internal pressure withln the cylinder and also by a spring 6. It is operated by means of a cam 7 and cam follower 8, the cam 7 being mounted upon 4a cam shaft 9 which is driven in the usual manner by gearing not shown) from the crank shaft. This cafm shaft is adapted to rotate once for every two revolutionsof the crank shaft. At the rear end of the cam Shaft 9 a. disk 10` is provided -which is equipped with a crank pin 11 which in turn is releasably engaged by a pitman 12. The pitman 12 1s pivotally connected at 13 to the piston rod 14 of an air pump piston 15 which reciprocates in a cylinder 16. The lower portion iston 15 is connected by means of an auxiliary piston rod 17 with a smaller piston 18 which in turn works in a smaller cylinder 19. The cylinder 19 may be provided with a drain cock 20 at its lower end. The iston 19 has a spring pressed portion 2l w richl acts as a valve to open and close a port 22 formed in the wall of the cylinder 19. It will be noted that the cylinder 19 has its upper portion indirect communication with the lower portion of the cylinder 16. The arrangement is such that when air is compressed by the piston`15 upon its downward travel such compressed air is suddenly released by the sliding of ast the port 22 and a sudden blastof re atively highly compressed air is discharged thru the pipe 23. It is of course understood thatv a suitable inlet valve is provided .in connection with the cylinder 16 so that a fresh charge of air may be drawn into such cylinder upon the upward lstroke of the piston 15. The bottom portion f of the cylinder l19 communicates with one with an inlet valve side of a diaphragm pump'24, the other side of such pum being connected by means of a pipe 25 wit i a fitting 26 which is rovided 27 and an out et valve phragm ump 24 by means of the piston 18 without aving the liquid fuel handled by the pump 24 coming into contact with the piston 18. l

Fuel is adapted to be drawn thru the pipe 42 b the diaphragm pump and passed outwar ly thru the plpe 43 to the charge forming device at the same time that the sudden blast of highly compressed air is delivered to the charge formin device.

Fig. 2 shows in en arged form the charge forming device and the rear portionof the c linder. The charge 'forming device consists of a plate 29 willich is clamped against the gasket 31 against the rear 'portion of the cylinder head by means of bolts or other suitable devices (not shown). charge forming device has projecting portions which extend thru an opening in the cylinder head into the cylinder propel'. It is to be understood that the size of' the charge forming de'vice is exaggerated in the drawings in proportion to the size of the cylinder, for the sake of clearness. The pipe 23 is screwed into a fitting 33 which is clamped by means of a union 34 to a threaded projection 35 formed ,upon the rear portion of the plate 29. A projection 36 formed upon a forward portion (if the plate 29 is in alignment with the projection 35 and is provided with a valve seat 37 upon which rests a valve 38. The valve 38 has its spindle'39 rearwardly ressed by means of a spring 40 to retain t ie valve firmly in seated position. A duct 41 passes from the pipe This 23- thru the projections and 36 and thc plate 29 to the rear portion of the valve 38. The pipe 43 is threaded4 into the plate 29 and communicates with a passage. 44 under the control of a needle valve 45. The passage 44 opens into a passage 46 which ends` in the seat 37 of the valve 38 and is therefore closed when the valve 38 is seated.

-In front of the valve 38, a nozzle-like member 47 is held by means of a union 48 threadably engaging the rojection 36.

he member 47 as an opening 49 directly in front of the valve 38 and is provided with a duct 50 which opens into such cavity 49 and extends outwardly therefrom inally l turning at right angles and discharging toi and opens directly thereinto.. Theauxiliary cylinder 54'ca-rries an igniting member 55 which may bein the form of metal gauze cairiedupon a .rod 56 and adjustable in, wardly'and outwa-rdly within the auxiliarycylinder 54. The auxiliary cylinder 54 is held by means of a threaded roiection 57 within'the plate 29. If desired, the igniter 55 may be replaced by a rspark plug which. occupies the same position as the igniter 55.4

VIf no spark plug is used in connection with the auxiliary cylinder 54, it is usual to IOf videa starting spark plug (not shown? at 'cylinder.

vsome other pointin the rear portion of the valve 38. At the same time, the highly com- 21 into the pipe pressed air from the cylinder 16 is suddenly discharged by means of the valve mechanism 23 and asses therefrom into the duct 41. This highly com ressed 'air raises the valve 38 and atomizes t efuel and forces such fuel in a finely atomized condition thru the duct and at right angies thereto directly into the stream of incoming fresh air, as the piston is on the suction stroke. A'portion of the fuel iscaught by the groove 51 and passes along the duct 52, pipe 53 into the c linder 54, to ether with some of the undi uted atomize fuel.

The auxiliary cylinder 54 readily vaporizes any liquid fuel that collects therein due toV the heat that is stored in such cylinder from previous explosions and forms a very rich mixture within the auxiliary c linder. lIt

. burn. Thislatter function is accomplished 'inder 72 'which is filled with alcohol or manner, but it isnecessary to projecta flameinto the body o f `suchsmixture after it has will be noted that the atomized nel -forms a rich mixture, but that this rich mix-ture is divided intotwo parts, one of which is retained in its original richness within the cylinder 54 and the other, which is the major portion, is 4diluted by means of incoming` fresh air so that a lean mixture is produced within the main cylinder.` Thislean mixture has such a lar e proportion of air that it willnot ignite y a spark in the usual been compressed by'the'return stroke of .the piston in order` to cause such mixture to b means of the auxiliary cylinderrinv which tlie undilutedrich mixture is retained. -The compression of the thin mixture also com-4 pressesthe rich mixture within the auxiliary cylinder 54 and causes such mixture to move rearwardly in such cylinder and into contact with'the highly heated igniter 55. An ignition ofthe rich mixture consequently occurs and tli'ejiame from the auxiliary cylins.'

' vided by the construction illustrated in Fig.

- oted at 13 to thepiston rod 14 such lever beof fthe straight Ader is projected into' the mass of highly compressed'lean mixture causing ready ignition lthereof. If the igniter of the type shown is used, the timing of the engine may be secured by adjusting the igniter nearer to or 'farther from the forward portion of the auxiliary Acylinder byy means of the rod 56. If a spark plug is used in this auxiliary cylinder, the time is secured in the usual mnner- In starting the engine itis desirable that j manual means shall be'providcd for form-- ing the initial charge or charges. This manual means of forming the charges is pro- 3 which is a detail of the pump illustrated iii Fig. 1. The piston rod 14 -has pivotall connected thereto at 13 a pitman 12 whic at its' forward end is connected with the crank pin 11 by means-of a detachable clasp or clam 58 which may be readily disconnected rom the crank pin 11 and may be readily connected thereto while such crank x pin is in motion. A lever 59 is also piv-- ing provided with a handle 60 at one end," whereby it may be operated, and at the other end beingpivoted to a link 61 which is in turn ivoted to a lug 62 formed upon the cylin er 16.l It will thus be seen that. in

"starting the engine, the clasp 58 may be disconnected fi'om'the crank pin 11 and a'few strokes fired by means of a spark plug, not shown, 105 f and the engine. started. Thereafter. the

-c1asp`58 is'V placed in engagementwitli' the crank pin 11 and the pistons l15 and 18 are periodically reciprocated by suoli crank pin.

The cooling system for this engine vcoin- 110 prises a pump 63 which forces the cooling water thru a pipe 64 thru the water jacket i 3, thru the pipe 65 and 66 back to such pum An overow is provided by the pipe 67 w ich passes upwar tion 68 and then downwardly along. a

the ipe. 71. l

is thermostat comprises an inner cyl#A other fluid which ex ands when under the v influence of heat so t at the pressure or in# crease in volume of this'iu'id may be uti# 125 74 is' arranged to be screwed downwardly-130 giventhe'pistons 15 and 18 by means" ever 59 and handle 60. This will serve to supply the cylinder with fuel for 10.

ly to a curved por'- 11 portion 69 into thejbottom of the Q outer casing 70of a thermostatV and out-.fv

wardly therefrom atit's upper-portion thru 'no into the inner cylinder 72 of the thermostat and thereby vary its volume and correspondingly vary the point at which response is made to temperature changes. A rod 74 communicates the motion of the diaphragm of the diaphragm motor 73 to a valve 5. This valve controls the flow of relatively cool fresh water from the mains 76 into the cool.- ing system and thereby controls the temperature of the circulating water in said system. rIhe pressure in the circulatory system need beonly great enough to cause the waterl to properly circulate, and will roughly approximate that due to the hydrostatic head in the circulatory system, the pressure in the mains easily overcoming such head as it is contemplated attaching the syste-m to water mains in which a reasonable pressure is maintained. A drain 77 is provided at the lowermost point in the circulatory system whereby such system may be readily emptied. The drain 77 may conveniently have a three way type of valve so that when it is turned in one poition water may be drained from-the circulatory system, and when lturned in another poition water may be supplied such system from the. mains. Communication with the system may be completely cut ofi', either from the drain opening or from the mains, with this type 'of valve.

It. will be seen that an internal combustion engine and a charge forming device therefor have been provided which will utilize fuel of a very low grade and will cause the complete combustion of such fuel, thereby eliminating carbon deposit and raising the efficiency of the machine.

It will be seen that a method and apparatus have been provided whereby it is possible to utilize a very lean -mixture which will not be exploded, even when compressed, by an electric spark, but which is exploded by means of a fia-me projected thereinto from an auxiliary cylinder which has been filled with a relatively rich mixture. It will further be seen that a thermosta-tic control of the temperature of the cylinder is provided and that ready adjustment may be made.

I claim:

1. The combination with an internal conrbustion engine including av valved cylinder and a piston; of a fitting inserted into the cylinder through its walls and including a nozzle, a main passage therefrom leading to the engine cylinder, an auxiliary cylinder in communication with the engine cylinder, and a ley-pass leading from said nozzle to the interior of the auxiliary cylinder; means operative during the sue-tion stroke of the piston for supplying a rich mixture vof air and fuel through said: nozzle and said bypass, and an ignition device movable to and from the engine cylinder within the auxiliary cylinder, whereby to control the timing of the explosion of the carburetted mixture.

2. The combination with an internal combustion engine including a valved cylinder, and a piston; of a fitting inserted into the cylinder through its wall and including a nozzle, a main passage therefrom leading to the engine cylinder, an auxiliary cylinder in communication with the enginecylinder, and a by-pass leading from said nozzle to the interiorof the auxiliary cylinder; and means operative during the suction stroke of the piston for supplying a rich mixture of air and fuel through said nozzie and said by-pass. l

3. The combination with the apertured cylinder of an internal combustion engine, of afittingl associated with said aperture, a nozzle carried by said fitting, a tube coniprising an auxiliary cylinder carried by said fitting in communication with the engine cylinder, a by-pass between the nozzle and the tube, means for supplying a carburetted mixture to the nozzle at predetern'iined intervals, and an igniting device vmovablt` to and from the engine cylinder within the auxiliary' cylinder, whereby to control the timing of the explosion of the carburetted mixture.

4; The combination with an internal combustion engine including a lvalved cylinder and a piston; of a fitting inserted into 'the cylinder through its walls and including a nozzle, a main passage therefrom leading to the'engine cylinder, an auxiliary cylinder in' communicationwith the engine cylinder, and a by-pass leading yfrom said nozzle to the interior of the auxiliary cylinder; means operative during the suction stroke of the piston for supplying a rich mix-ture of air and fuel through said nozzle and said b vpass, and an ignition device movable to Iand from the engine cylinder within the auxiliary cylinder, whereby to control the timing of the explosion of the e-arburetted mixture, said ignition device comprising a heat absorbing element adapted to glow during the operation of the engine.

5. The combination with the apertured cylinder of an internal. combustion engine, of a fitting associated with said aperture, a nozzle carried by said fittmg; atube comprising an auxiliary cylinder carried by said fitting'in communication .with the engine cylinder, a by-pass between the nozzle and tube, means for supplying the earburetted FRANK L. HOAGLIN. 

